????《金融時(shí)報(bào)》（Financial Times）周二援引知情官員的話報(bào)道，中國(guó)意欲在亞洲新建一家多邊開(kāi)發(fā)銀行，打破美國(guó)對(duì)亞洲的金融控制。

????據(jù)稱(chēng)，中國(guó)官員們已經(jīng)出訪亞洲和中東爭(zhēng)取支持，希望建立一家資本金達(dá)1000億美元的新銀行，專(zhuān)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等大型開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供融資。《金融時(shí)報(bào)》稱(chēng)，迄今為止，亞洲地區(qū)內(nèi)已有22個(gè)國(guó)家表示感興趣。

????這樣的一家銀行將與世界銀行（World Bank）、亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行（Asian Development Bank）直接展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。中國(guó)認(rèn)為，后兩家銀行受到了美國(guó)及其同盟日本的過(guò)多影響。

????這個(gè)動(dòng)議反映的不僅是中國(guó)財(cái)力的不斷增長(zhǎng)，也顯現(xiàn)了它對(duì)美國(guó)拒絕實(shí)施2010改革方案的憤怒。根據(jù)2010改革方案，美國(guó)本該讓中國(guó)和其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家在世界銀行和國(guó)家貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund）中獲得更大的影響力。

????2010年，在以中國(guó)、俄羅斯和巴西為首的發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的推動(dòng)下，20國(guó)集團(tuán)（G20）同意，在這些國(guó)家增加出資比例的同時(shí)，在上述兩個(gè)布雷頓森林體系機(jī)構(gòu)中給予它們更多的影響力。

????但美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)已經(jīng)拒絕批準(zhǔn)美國(guó)在這個(gè)改革方案中的出資計(jì)劃。這可能導(dǎo)致整個(gè)方案流產(chǎn)，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)作為IMF最大的股東，仍擁有事實(shí)上的一票否決權(quán)。

????金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致對(duì)IMF的資金需求大增，需求首先是來(lái)自那些經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)薄弱的國(guó)家，但后來(lái)很大程度上是來(lái)自歐元區(qū)。IMF為相對(duì)富裕的歐元區(qū)所提供的援助規(guī)模之大惹惱了很多新興國(guó)家。IMF對(duì)歐元區(qū)借款人開(kāi)出的條款遠(yuǎn)比20世紀(jì)末亞洲金融危機(jī)期間的要溫和，亞洲國(guó)家對(duì)這一點(diǎn)特別不滿。

????《金融時(shí)報(bào)》指出，中國(guó)對(duì)于自己在亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行的角色也同樣不滿意。亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行是20世紀(jì)60年代在美國(guó)的敦促下建立的，公開(kāi)的目的多多少少就是在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的背景下幫助遏制共產(chǎn)主義在亞洲的傳播。

????美國(guó)和日本在亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行分別擁有超過(guò)15%的權(quán)益，而經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模已超日本的中國(guó)僅持股5.5%。

????《金融時(shí)報(bào)》表示，中國(guó)希望到今年年底建立起“亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行”（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank），這也是IMF設(shè)定美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)2010改革方案的最后期限。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????China wants to set up a multilateral development bank in Asia to break the U.S.’s financial hold on the continent, the Financial Times reported Tuesday, citing officials familiar with the matter.

????It said that Chinese officials have been touring Asia and the Middle East drumming up support for a new institution with $100 billion in capital, with a view to financing major development projects such as infrastructure. The FT said 22 countries across the region have expressed interest so far.

????Such an institution would be a direct rival to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, which China thinks are too much influenced by the U.S. and its ally, Japan.

????The initiative reflects not only China’s ever-growing financial clout, but also its anger at the U.S.’s refusal to implement a 2010 deal allowing it and other emerging nations greater influence in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

????In 2010, after pushing from emerging economies led by China, Russia and Brazil, the G-20 agreed to give them more influence over the two Bretton Woods institutions, in return for funding a big increase in their resources.

????However, Congress has refused to ratify the U.S.’s contribution to the reforms, which threatens to unravel the whole deal since the U.S., as the IMF’s largest shareholder, still has effective veto powers many of its actions.

????The financial crisis led to a big increase in demand for IMF funds, first from weaker emerging nations but later, and to a far greater extent, from the euro zone. The scale of IMF aid to the comparatively rich euro zone has angered many emerging countries. Asian countries in particular have grumbled that the IMF imposed far softer terms on euro-zone borrowers than it did during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s.

????The FT noted that China is hardly more satisfied with its role at the Asian Development Bank, established at U.S. prompting in the 1960s with a more or less overt mandate to help stop the spread of Communism in the region against the backdrop of the Korean and Vietnam wars.

????The U.S. and Japan each have stakes of over 15% in the ADB, while China, whose economy is now larger than Japan’s, holds only 5.5%.

????The FT said Beijing wants to establish what it calls the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank by the end of the year–which is also the deadline that the IMF has set Congress for ratifying the 2010 deal.