????威瑞利還指出，從更基本的層面上看，當場搜查可能是警方繞過嫌疑人手機密保的唯一機會。他寫道：“如果一名警員在拘捕現場發現一部已經解鎖的手機，立即對這部手機進行搜查可能是他追回、保存重要證據的唯一機會。辯方針對這個嚴重問題也提出了他們的解決方案——比如給每個警員都配備笨拙的取證設備，而且這種設備每一部都價值好幾千美元——可以說他們的方案完全不切實際?！?/p>

????在加州法院審理的大衛?賴利一案中，賴利是于2009年8月在駕車行駛的過程中被警方攔下的，原因是警察發現他的車子的牌照可能過期了。后來那名警員發現賴利的駕照已經被吊銷了，于是他當場扣押了賴利的車子，同時要求清查車上物品。這名警員在清查過程中發現，車子的引擎蓋下方綁著兩支槍。于是他以涉嫌夾藏武器罪逮捕了賴利。

????這位警員在當場拘捕賴利、搜查其隨身物品時從賴利的褲子口袋里搜出了一部三星SPH-M800 Instinct手機。在沒有搜查證的情況下，該警員現場翻閱了這部手機里的通訊錄和短信。結果他發現，一般應該以“K”開頭的單詞和姓名都被拼寫成了以“CK”開頭，該警員立即意識到它可能與一個叫做“Crip Killers”的黑幫有關，也就是所謂的“血幫”。

????兩個小時后，另一名警員在警署對這部手機再次進行了搜查，這次搜查同樣是在沒有搜查證的情況下進行的。這名警員發現了更多與黑幫有關的證據，包括賴利與其他人做黑幫手勢的照片，以及一些打“街拳”的視頻（“街拳”是有些幫派的一種入會儀式）。在這些視頻中，可以聽到賴利在喊“揍他，兄弟”之類的話。更重要的是，在手機的幾張截圖里不僅出現了賴利和另兩名幫派分子，背景中還出現一輛紅色的奧茲莫比爾轎車。這輛車卷入了兩周前的一場涉黑槍擊事件，但它當時從現場逃逸了。后來警方對從賴利車子引擎蓋下方搜出的兩支槍進行了彈道檢測，發現它們就是槍擊案當天在現場開火的槍支。賴利因此被法院判處謀殺未遂罪，而且在手機的視頻與截圖的鐵證面前，這起槍擊案被證實與其他黑幫行徑有關，賴利的刑期也從最高七年上升到最低15年乃至終身監禁。

????聯邦法院審理的布里馬?武里一案的破獲也涉及警方在無搜查證的情況下搜查嫌疑人手機的行為。武里是在2007年9月被捕的，他的手機在法庭筆錄中被記錄為一部“威瑞森LG手機”。武里之所以被警方拘捕，是因為有人看見他在自己的車子外頭販賣毒品。警方搜查武里的手機后發現，他的通話記錄中頻繁出現一個標記為“我的家”的電話號碼，這個號碼的頭像是武里同伙的照片，而這張照片同時也是武里的手機背景照片。就這樣警方順藤摸瓜地查到了武里的家——如果不是提前搜查了武里的手機的話，他肯定不會把這個信息透露給警方。警方在獲得搜查證后突襲了武里的住宅，繳獲了可卡因、現金、槍支彈藥等涉案證物。

????在本周二辯論的兩起案件中，唯一直接涉案的設備就是手機。由于這兩起案件嫌疑人的拘捕分別發生在2007年和2009年，當時的手機在先進性上還無法與如今的主流手機媲美。

????但是各方都清楚，這兩起案件的審理對將來警方能否搜查、如何搜查嫌疑人的隨身設備（比如筆記本電腦、平板電腦、U盤甚至是谷歌眼鏡、智能手表等可穿戴設備）將產生重大影響。

????雖然執法部門很可能仍然想繼續保留在無搜查證的情況下搜查嫌疑人手機的權力，但科技的進步似乎已經使警方的理由站不住腳了。（財富中文網）

????譯者：樸成奎

????At a more basic level, an immediate search may simply be the officer's only opportunity to circumvent password protections, Verrilli argues. "When an officer finds an unlocked cell phone at the scene of an arrest, searching it immediately may be her only chance to retrieve and preserve essential evidence," he writes. "[The defendants'] proposed solutions to that serious problem -- such as equipping every officer with unwieldy forensic devices that cost several thousand dollars each -- are entirely unrealistic."

????In the California case, David Riley was pulled over in San Diego in August 2009 for expired license plate tags. When the arresting officer discovered that Riley's license was suspended, he started to impound the car, requiring him to inventory its contents. In the course of doing that, he found two guns strapped under the hood. He then placed Riley under arrest for possessing concealed weapons.

????While conducting a search incident to the arrest, the officer took a cellphone, a Samsung SPH-M800 Instinct, from Riley's pants pocket. Without a warrant he began scrolling through Riley's contacts and text messages. He saw that words and names that would ordinarily start with a "K" were spelled with a "CK," which he recognized as a possible gang-related reference to "Crip Killers," i.e., "Bloods."

????Two hours later, during a second warrantless search of the phone at the police station, a second officer found more gang-related evidence, including stills of Riley and others making gang related hand signals, and videos of "street boxing" -- a gang initiation rite -- at which Riley could be heard saying things like, "Get him, Blood." More important, there were photos of Riley and two associates with a red Oldsmobile in the background, a car believed to have served as a getaway car to a gang-related shooting two weeks earlier. Ballistics tests on the guns found under Riley's hood later linked them to the shooting. Riley was charged with, and convicted of, attempted murder, and the fact the shooting had allegedly further gang-related activity -- as proven by videos and stills found on his cellphone -- was used to enhance his sentence from a seven-year maximum to a mandatory minimum term of 15 years to life.

????The federal case, concerning the September 2007 arrest of Brima Wurie, involved a more limited search of a phone, which is identified in the record only as a "Verizon LG." Wurie was arrested after he was observed apparently selling drugs out of his car. Using clues obtained from a search of Wurie's phone -- mainly the fact that his phone log showed frequent calls from a number labeled "my house," together with a photo of Wurie's companion, which served as his phone's screen "wallpaper" -- the officers tracked down Wurie's residence, which he had otherwise refused to reveal to the officers. After getting a search warrant for that residence, officers seized crack cocaine, cash, a firearm, and ammunition.

????Cellphones are the only devices directly involved in the two cases being argued Tuesday, and since the arrests occurred back in 2007 and 2009, the phones are not particularly advanced compared to what are prevalent today.

????Nevertheless, all parties recognize that the cases will shed light on seizures of any device that can be found on someone's person, including tablets, laptops, thumbdrives, and, in the future, Google Glass, say, a smartwatch, or any other wearable computer device.

????Although law enforcement would understandably like to keep the historical rule inviolate, the advance of technology seems to have rendered that option untenable.