????對于大多數西方企業來說，葛蘭素史克案引起的第二個問題更加重要，更加發人深省。中國政府打擊醫藥行業腐敗的方式表明他們是在有選擇性地挑選目標，可能還帶有保護主義的目的。葛蘭素史克可能的確在中國行賄了，但是它在中國的競爭對手們無疑也干了同樣的事，而且其中許多公司還是常年累月肆無忌憚地行賄。不過中國政府為什么單單把葛蘭素史克這個在醫藥業占主導地位的西方制藥商拎出來敲打呢？

????如果我們看看西方企業在中國獲得顯著市場份額后的際遇，我們可能會發現一個令人擔憂的模式。他們遭到了中國政府機構的不公平審查，而且西方企業因之受罰的小動作，他們的本土競爭對手也做了，但卻沒有承擔任何后果。

????最近的例子就是中國政府對惠氏（Wyeth）和雀巢（Nestle）等西方嬰幼兒奶粉廠家發起的反壟斷調查。中國奶企生產的毒奶粉已經毀掉了中國奶業的品牌和市場，使西方嬰幼兒奶粉廠家趁機搶占了巨大的市場份額。中國政府對此的反應是什么呢？不是對中國嬰幼兒奶粉廠家制定更嚴格的食品安全標準，而是試圖傷害西方企業。受害者最終將是無法獲得安全營養品的中國寶寶。

????另一個例子是百勝餐飲（Yum Brands），它旗下的肯德基（KFC）快餐店如今在中國遍地都是。幾個月前，由于媒體聲稱肯德基的雞用了抗生素，導致肯德基的銷售額直線下降。肯德基的中國競爭對手們的食品安全標準雖然沒有肯德基嚴格，但是卻被放了一馬。

????如果說西方企業能從葛蘭素史克案中得到什么教訓的話，那就是他們應該提高在中國做生意的風險報酬，同時仔細出臺各種管理日常風險和危機的計劃，以免陷入一條泥濘的河里不能自拔。

????裴敏欣是克萊蒙德－麥肯納學院普利茨克家族基金會的政治管理教授，也是美國的德國馬歇爾基金會的一名非常駐高級研究員。（財富中文網）

????譯者：樸成奎

????For most Western firms, the second issue raised by the GSK case is far more relevant and alarming. The way Chinese authorities are cracking down on widespread corruption in the pharmaceutical industry suggests that they are selecting their targets discriminatively and may have a protectionist agenda. GSK may have committed bribery in China, but so have its Chinese competitors, many of whom perpetuate even more brazen forms of bribery. But why is Beijing only singling out GSK, a dominant Western firm in the sector?

????If we look at how well Western firms have fared in China once they have gained significant market share, we may detect a worrisome pattern. They face unfair scrutiny from Chinese authorities and are often penalized for the same infractions for which their Chinese competitors suffer no consequences.

????The most recent example of this pattern is the Chinese government's anti-trust investigation of Western baby formula makers like Wyeth and Nestle in China. Tainted baby formula made by Chinese dairy firms has destroyed these Chinese company's brands and sales, allowing Western baby formula makers to claim a huge market share. What's the reaction of Beijing? Instead of enforcing tighter food safety rules on Chinese baby formula makers, they are attempting to hurt Western firms. The victims will be Chinese babies denied safe nutrition.

????Also consider Yum Brands (YUM), which runs the wildly popular KFC franchise in China. A few months ago, KFC sales in China plummeted after press allegations of the use of antibiotics in the chickens it sold. KFC's Chinese competitors, which adhere to less rigorous food safety standards, were spared.

????If there is one valuable lesson to be drawn from the unfolding GSK corruption scandal in China, it is that Western multinationals ought to increase the risk premium for doing business in China and have careful plans in place for managing both routine risks and crises, lest they fall into a river of business muck.

????Minxin Pei is the Tom and Margot Pritzker '72 Professor of Government at Claremont McKenna College and a non-resident senior fellow of the German Marshall Fund of the United States