????很多志向遠(yuǎn)大的創(chuàng)業(yè)者仍然對(duì)硅谷向往不已，但倫敦正在努力打造有利于創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的環(huán)境。周一，在倫敦舉行的《財(cái)富》（Fortune）最具影響力女性會(huì)議上，倫敦科技城（Tech City）CEO喬安娜?希爾茲、加速合伙公司（Accel Partners）的索娜麗?德里克和Facebook的全球營(yíng)銷副總裁卡羅琳?艾弗森討論了這座名城與科技行業(yè)的關(guān)系，以及該市采取了哪些措施來打造適合創(chuàng)業(yè)者的倫敦版灣區(qū)。

????希爾茲在這兩座城市停留了同樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間（都是14年），她真誠(chéng)地認(rèn)為倫敦將成為下一個(gè)硅谷。她說，倫敦由遍及城市各處的科技集群組成，每個(gè)集群都擁有各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而不是所有的創(chuàng)業(yè)者都集中在一個(gè)龐大的地區(qū)。這種集群模式把來自周邊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的律師、會(huì)計(jì)師、銀行家和其他專業(yè)人士匯聚到了一起。

????德里克說，硅谷不只是創(chuàng)新中心。“創(chuàng)業(yè)與達(dá)到臨界規(guī)模之間有很大區(qū)別，”她說，因此創(chuàng)業(yè)者必須處于適合他們需求的行業(yè)集群。德里克接著說：“人們到集群去尋找人才。”硅谷還為開發(fā)者提供了很多的機(jī)會(huì)和很多的潛在雇主，薪酬很快就會(huì)增長(zhǎng)到過高的程度。另外，政府等權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)、移民政策和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本的可獲得性使幾個(gè)不同的城市吸引了不同的創(chuàng)業(yè)者。

????倫敦的目標(biāo)是仿效硅谷的信條，即成功不只是一種可能性，還是一種權(quán)利。希爾茲說，她已經(jīng)看到倫敦的創(chuàng)業(yè)者們?cè)谙蜻@種精神轉(zhuǎn)變。她首次搬到國(guó)外時(shí)，她的員工對(duì)股票期權(quán)不屑一顧。他們想要養(yǎng)老金。但現(xiàn)在她笑著說，如今他們都想成為下一個(gè)馬克?扎克伯格。

????雖然每個(gè)人都想創(chuàng)建下一個(gè)熱門的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司，但德里克說，硅谷對(duì)技術(shù)的癡迷對(duì)其他城市而言未必是良方。這種癡迷使硅谷獲得了優(yōu)勢(shì)，但她似乎對(duì)這種模式的可持續(xù)性心存疑慮（但她明確表示，她并不是說硅谷已死）。希爾茲為美國(guó)大公司的貪婪本性鼓掌叫好。她解釋說，這是因?yàn)樗麄円揽縿?chuàng)業(yè)者來進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。她說：“新想法帶來的能量能夠徹底改變一家公司，讓人們踏上一條新的道路。”她希望歐洲企業(yè)留意倫敦科技集群里的小公司。

????倫敦從美國(guó)的一系列創(chuàng)業(yè)成功故事中吸取了經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但有時(shí)硅谷的方法并不是那么適合拿來己用。艾弗森今年1月份搬到倫敦，為Facebook的歐洲、中東和亞洲業(yè)務(wù)尋找下任總裁。因?yàn)橄柶澊饲稗o去了這個(gè)職務(wù)，成為科技城的CEO，結(jié)果立刻被國(guó)外對(duì)這個(gè)社交網(wǎng)站的看法弄得吃驚不已。她說：“在國(guó)外，我們不清楚Facebook對(duì)營(yíng)銷人員意味著什么。”客戶告訴艾弗森，F(xiàn)acebook的演示不夠人性化，這促使她與門洛?帕克取得聯(lián)系，調(diào)整公司的品牌策略。她對(duì)聽眾們說：“我們?cè)谄放品矫嬉呀?jīng)做了很多工作。”她把策略的轉(zhuǎn)變歸功于她搬到倫敦。

????然后，這位Facebook高管分享了她獲得的一些最佳建議：走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，把自己想象成一個(gè)恒溫調(diào)節(jié)器，按照需要調(diào)高或調(diào)低溫度。倫敦在科技界扮演的似乎就是這樣一個(gè)角色，只從硅谷模式中吸取它喜歡的東西。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：千牛絮

????Though many aspiring entrepreneurs still adore Silicon Valley, London is working to create its very own supportive environment for fledgling companies. London's Tech City CEO Joanna Shields, Accel Partners' Sonali De Rycker, and Facebook (FB) global marketing VP Carolyn Everson discussed the famed city's relationship with the tech ?industry and what it's doing to create a version of the Bay Area that works for its founders at a Fortune Most Powerful Women meeting in London on Monday.

????Shields has spent an equal amount of time in both cities (14 years each) and doesn't pretend that London is the next Silicon Valley. London is composed of tech clusters across the city, each with its various strengths, rather than one large location where all entrepreneurs congregate. Such a cluster model brings together ?lawyers, accountants, bankers, and other professionals from the surrounding ecosystem, she said.

????Silicon Valley isn't the only innovation hub, De Rycker added. "There's a big difference between starting a company vs. getting to critical mass." At that point, she said, entrepreneurs need to locate in an industry cluster ?that suits their needs. "People go to clusters for talent," De Rycker continued. In Silicon Valley, there's so much activity and so many potential employers for developers, that salary costs can quickly grow prohibitive. Also, enabling institutions ?like government, immigration policies, and access venture capital -make several different cities appealing to different founders.

????London aims to emulate Silicon Valley's philosophy ?that success is not just a possibility but also a prerogative. Shields said she's seen London entrepreneurs shift more towards that ethos. When she first moved abroad, her employees scoffed at stock options. They wanted pensions. She laughed, saying today that they all want to be the next Mark Zuckerberg.

????Though everyone wants to found the next hot startup, De Rycker said that Silicon Valley's undiluted obsession with tech is not necessarily the right recipe for other cities. That focus gives the Valley an edge, but she seemed wary of the sustainability of that model. (Though, she clarified, she is not saying Silicon Valley is dead.) Shields did applaud large American companies' acquisitive nature, explaining that they look to entrepreneurs for innovation. "The energy that comes in with a new idea can completely transform a business and lead you on a new trajectory," she explained, encouraging European companies to take notice of the small companies growing in London's tech clusters.

????London may have learned from America's streak of entrepreneurial successes, but sometimes the Silicon Valley way doesn't translate so well. Everson moved to London in January to search for Facebook's next president of its European, Middle East, and Asian business. ?Shields stepped down from the position to head Tech City ?and was immediately surprised by the way the social network was perceived abroad. "Externally, we didn't have a clear articulation of what Facebook meant for marketers," she said. Clients told Everson that Facebook's presentations weren't humanizing, which led her to get in touch with Menlo Park and refocus the company's branding. "There's been a lot of work on the brand," she told the audience, crediting her move to London with her changed approach.

????The Facebook exec then shared some of the best advice she's ever received: When you walk into a room, think of yourself like a thermostat; dial it up and down as needed. As London's presence in the tech world grows, it seems to be doing just that, taking only what it likes from the Silicon Valley model.