????合伙用車和拼車平臺填補了這一空白。2012年6月，SideCar的司機就已經完成了1萬次搭載，而到12月，這一數字上升至10萬。RelayRides在全美1200多個城市擁有供出租的汽車，所有城市從去年起增加了車輛數量。Flywheel的出租車訂車軟件安裝在國內3000輛出租車中，供應商可能將在三月底使用“在線呼叫”技術，軟件的使用范圍將迅速擴散至紐約。Zipcar擁有超過76萬名會員，并在一月被Avis以5億美元收購。

????當然，經濟蕭條時期出現的合伙用車和拼車服務的潮流也在與復蘇的汽車產業競爭——美國2012年的汽車銷量比2011年上升了13%。以上升21%的克萊斯勒（Chrysler）為首，美國三大汽車巨頭銷量皆有提升。分享經濟的支持者并非過去幾年中唯一嘗試降低持車成本的人群——經濟衰退時期，汽車代理商向顧客提供比銀行更低利息的購車貸款，努力打消他們的購車恐懼。

????拼車也在挑戰國家法律的界限。去年秋天，加州公共事業委員會（CPUC）對使用Lyft應用的Uber、SideCar和Zimride處以了2萬美元的罰金。大約同時，CPUC還對SideCar和Lyft發出了禁止令，Uber則在2010年收到了禁止函。去年10月，Uber退出紐約市場，聲稱受到了計程車管理委員會（Taxi and Limousine Commission）的“阻礙”。（去年12月紐約市同意了使用“在線招車”應用，而計程車管理委員會由于試圖阻止本月即將開展的在線招車項目，遭到了Livery汽車集團的起訴。）在加州，由于國家開啟了“過渡立法階段”，以決定如何更好地應對這種新的交通方式，CPUC對Lyft和Uber罰款于一月暫緩。協議還規定拼車暫時合法化。Uber目前只將乘客與擁有商業許可的出租車和城鎮汽車司機配對，公司發博文表示打算在拼車業務上加入Lyft和Sidebar。

????保羅稱，關于政府對待拼車服務公司的態度，出租車運營公司頗多微詞，而其他傳統的交通業參與者也會很快注意到合伙用車和拼車平臺的興起。在合伙用車領域擁有十年豐富經驗的Zipcar公司今年年初被Avis收購，已有跡象表明Avis將對Zipcar進行改造。哈達德說，迄今為止，RelayRides尚未與任何租車服務公司有過聯系，不過已經獲得了汽車業巨頭通用汽車（General Motors）的支持。該公司的投資部門通用汽車風險投資公司（GM Venture）為其提供資金幫助。

????在當今的交通版圖上，不同的共享團體已經開始各司其職，看起來似乎每個人都有發揮的空間。漢弗萊說：“作為供應商，我們需要關注的是說服消費者，打消他們購買汽車的念頭，為使他們達到目的地提供各種選擇。”（財富中文網）

????譯者：嚴匡正

????Carsharing and ridesharing platforms have stepped in to fill the void. SideCar drivers had completed 10,000 rides in July of 2012; by December that figure rose to 100,000. RelayRides has cars for rent in more than 1,200 cities across the country, all of them added since last year. Flywheel's taxi hailing software is in 3,000 taxis across the country, and will soon expand into New York City when vendors begin using "e-hail" technology, possibly at the end of March. Zipcar has more than 760,000 members and was acquired by Avis for $500 million in January.

????Of course, this stream of carsharing and ridesharing services that cropped up during the recession is also competing with a rejuvenated auto industry -- U.S. car sales were up 13% in 2012 over 2011. All three major U.S. automakers showed improved sales led by Chrysler's 21% jump last year. And sharing economy proponents aren't the only ones who have been trying to make car ownership cheaper the last few years -- during the recession, car dealerships worked hard to stifle ownership fears by offering customers lower interest rates on car loans than the banks.

????Ridesharing is also testing the bounds set up by state law. Last fall, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) levied $20,000 fines against Uber, SideCar, and Zimride, which operates the Lyft app. The CPUC issued a cease and desist to both SideCar and Lyft around the same time; Uber received its cease and desist letter in 2010. In October, Uber pulled out of New York City, citing "roadblocks" from the city's Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC). (The city approved "e-hail" apps in December, but the TLC is now being sued by Livery car groups in an attempt to stop the e-hail program, which could start this month.) In California, the CPUC fines for Lyft and Uber were suspended in January as the state began an "interim rulemaking period" to determine how best to approach this new avenue of transportation. The agreement specified that ridesharing was also temporarily legal. In a blog post, Uber, which currently only matches up passengers with commercially licensed taxi or town car drivers, announced intentions to join Lyft and SideCar in the ridesharing business.

????According to Paul, taxi operators provide the majority of complaints to the state regarding competitor ridesharing services, and other established transportation players will soon take notice of these carsharing and ridesharing platforms if they haven't already. Avis (CAR) showed signs of adaptation when it purchased Zipcar, a carsharing veteran at just over a decade old, at the beginning of the year. RelayRides hasn't made contact with any rental services to date, says Haddad, but has gotten support from one major automaker: General Motors (GM). GM Ventures, the corporation's investment arm, is a financial backer.

????Different sharing communities have begun to carve out their respective roles in the modern transportation landscape, and it appears as if there is room for everybody -- for now. "What we need to be focused on as vendors," says Humphreys, "is getting consumers around, getting them to not want to own a car, and getting them all the alternatives they want to get their hired rides."