????2009年，豐田汽車公司（Toyota Motor）爆出了大規模召回和安全問題，結果聲譽一落千丈，業績遭受重挫。現在，豐田創始家族的繼承人豐田章男身兼豐田公司總裁和首席執行官的重任，決心改變豐田長期以來被孤立的狀態。

????他的目標是：使豐田更靈活，反應更快速。上周，豐田在東京宣布改組管理層，重組公司架構，旨在讓高管層具有更多樣化的視角，從而擺脫來自豐田大本營名古屋工程師高管傳統的單一視角。

????改組內容包括任命馬克?霍根為豐田公司董事。馬克現年61歲，曾任通用汽車公司（General Motors）高管，是通用汽車前首席執行官里克?瓦格納的親密戰友。在為通用和豐田的在美合資企業工作時，他認識了57歲的豐田章男。而該合資企業現已解體。

????吉姆?蘭茨曾是豐田美國分公司的銷售主管，現已被提拔為豐田北美區總管。除了霍根，豐田還任命了兩位非豐田系的日籍高管擔任董事。這三位因此成為第一批非豐田內部產生、任職于豐田公司16人董事會的董事。吉姆?普瑞斯曾任豐田高管和董事，現在是日產公司（Nissan）和雷諾公司（Renault）的顧問。他說：“豐田章男鞏固團隊的這一招非常漂亮。他已用一種更加商業化的方式重新確立了豐田家族的領導地位。”

????種種跡象表明，豐田汽車正在卷土重來。去年它從通用汽車手中重新奪回了全球銷售冠軍的寶座。而通用是在2011年從豐田手中奪走這個王位的。單純從規模來說，豐田和通用正在受到來自大眾汽車集團（Volkswagen AG）的挑戰，大眾汽車已設定了2018年成為全球第一的目標。

????從資本市場的角度看，豐田的市值達到了1,640億美元，遠超同業對手，如大眾集團只有1,000億美元不到。而通用汽車和福特（Ford）各自的市值只有大眾的一半左右。2008年6月，也就是全球金融危機來襲之前，豐田的股價站上頂峰，達到5,590日元；2011年11月跌入谷底，只有2,413日元，現在則又重回約4,835日元。

????在全新的管理架構下，豐田將會分成四大業務板塊：歐、美、日成熟市場業務；新興市場業務；零部件和整車研發業務和雷克薩斯（Lexus）分公司。來自美國的高管馬克?坦普林將負責雷克薩斯全球業務，他的目標很可能是帶領雷克薩斯在全球范圍內成為與寶馬（BMW）、梅賽德斯-奔馳（Mercedes）和奧迪（Audi）旗鼓相當的頂級品牌。坦普林將是首位掌管豐田來自日本的主要業務的美國高管。

????現年76歲、曾任豐田董事長的藤尾長將擔任名譽董事長，這一般是退休的前奏。大名鼎鼎的“普瑞斯之父”內山田武將接任藤尾長的位置。

????掌管新興市場的伊原安森將力挽狂瀾，設法挽回中國市場一落千丈的慘淡銷售。眾所周知，由于中日兩國的釣魚島爭端，中國消費者發起了抵制日系車的運動。

????身為通用的首席執行官，豐田章男已成功經受了任期內的重大考驗。如果還有誰敢說家族成員沒能耐挽救公司的頹勢，事實已經徹底駁斥了他們。

????豐田接下來的舉措也會同樣引人關注，因為它可能必須設法適應變化節奏不斷加快的全球交通網絡。替代燃料和自動駕駛汽車，以及虎視眈眈的競爭對手，都將成為豐田首席執行官必須密切關注的對象。（財富中文網）

????譯者：清遠

????After widespread vehicle recalls and safety concerns badly dented Toyota Motor Corp.'s reputation and finances in 2009, Akio Toyoda—president, chief executive and heir of the founding family—vowed to remedy the automaker's famed insularity.

????His goal: make Toyota more nimble and responsive. A management shakeup and reorganization announced this week in Tokyo is aimed at creating a wider variety of perspectives among senior executives beyond those of a typical engineer from Toyota's (TM) hometown of Nagoya.

????The changes include the appointment of Mark Hogan, 61, a former General Motors (GM) executive, as a Toyota director. Hogan, a confederate of onetime GM chief executive officer Rick Wagoner, knew Toyoda, 57, when the former worked for GM and Toyota's now disbanded U.S. joint venture.

????Jim Lentz, who was head of Toyota's U.S. sales subsidiary, was promoted to head of the North American region. In addition to Hogan, Toyota nominated two non-Toyota Japanese business executives as directors. The three are the first non-company individuals to serve on the automaker's 16-member board. "It was an ideal move by Akio to firmly establish his team," said Jim Press, a former Toyota executive and board member who now advises Nissan (NSANY) and Renault. "He has reinstituted leadership for the family in a much more business-like way."

????Toyota is showing signs that it's back. Last year it regained the global sales leadership from GM, which had lost it before winning it back from Toyota in 2011. In terms of pure size, Toyota and GM are being challenged by Volkswagen AG, which has set its goal to be No. 1 by 2018.

????In financial terms, Toyota's market capitalization dwarfs the rest of the industry at about $164 billion, compared to VW at just less than $100 billion. The market capitalization of GM and Ford (F) are each about half the size of VW's. Toyota's share price, which peaked at 5590 yen in June 2008, prior to the global financial crisis, dipped as low as 2413 Yen in November 2011 and now is trading around 4835 yen.

????Under its new management structure, the Japanese automaker will be divided into four organizations: mature markets including the U.S., Europe and Japan; emerging markets; parts and vehicle development and Lexus. Mark Templin, a U.S. executive, will run Lexus's worldwide business, most likely with the objective of bringing the division on a par globally with BMW, Mercedes and Audi. Templin will be the first U.S. executive to run a major Toyota business unit from Japan.

????Fujio Cho, 76, who had been chairman, will become honorary chairman, normally a prelude to retirement. Takeshi Uchiyamada, known as "father of the Prius," succeeds Cho.

????Yasumori Ihara, who will run emerging markets, will be responsible for reversing the disastrous sales decline in China, where consumers were boycotting Japanese-built cars due to diplomatic tensions over disputed islands.

????Akio Toyoda has survived a major test of his tenure as Toyota's chief executive. If anyone bet that a family member mightn't have the right stuff to reverse the company's decline, they've been thoroughly contradicted.

????The next steps will be interesting as well, because Toyota probably must keep adapting to a global transportation grid whose pace of change is accelerating. Alternative fuels and autonomous vehicles, along with predatory competitors, will loom large on the CEO's radar screen.