????DNA療法

2003年，一支為美國能源部（Department of Energy）和國立衛生研究院（National Institutes of Health）工作的研究團隊完成了一項長達13年之久的研究項目。這個項目名叫人類基因組計劃。計劃的目標之一是確定并繪制人類DNA每一個基因的圖譜。目前科學界正在研究這些數據，并且猜測：“下一步會是什么？”

????其中一個答案是靶向療法，也就是并不僅僅以減輕癥狀為目的，同時還針對患者的基因構成進行治療。

????過去幾年里，靶向療法領域已經出現了一些突破。2011年，賓西法尼亞大學（University of Pennsylvania）的一群科學家通過調動病人自身的白血球，有效地幫助白血病患者戰勝了疾病。同樣是在2011年，英國的研究人員通過向B型血友病患者注入改良過的基因，在治療這種基因病上取得了令人滿意的效果。2012年，科學界還在該通過靶向療法，在治療遺傳性失明上取得了更加重大的進展。

????沃頓商學院麥克科技創新中心另一位常務董事喬治?戴伊指出：“靶向療法意味著整個醫療行業的轉型?！彼f：“大型制藥公司總是以藥品為中心，”也就是說患者每天都需要服藥，而“基因療法則是一勞永逸?！?/p>

????“我想在20年后，對基因療法的預測將開始變稱現實?！?/p>

????DNA Rx

????In 2003, a team of researchers working for the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health completed a 13-year long effort called the Human Genome Project. The goal of the project was, among other things, to identify and map every gene in human DNA. For a while, the scientific community has been looking at the data and wondering, "So, what's next?"

????One answer is targeted therapy, medical treatments that do not only address symptoms, but also respond to a patient's genetic makeup.

????The past couple of years have yielded breakthroughs in this field. In 2011, a team of scientists at the University of Pennsylvania effectively treated leukemia patients by engineering their own white blood cells to fight the disease. Also in 2011, researchers in Britain achieved promising results in treating the genetic disease hemophilia B by injecting patients with a re-engineered version of the gene. 2012 brought even more advancements, using targeted therapy to treat inherited blindness.

????"Talk about transforming an industry," says George Day, co-director of the Mack Center at Wharton. "Big Pharma has always been pill-based," he says, meaning patients need daily dosage, whereas "gene therapy is one and done.

????"I think finally after 20 years, the promise of gene therapy is starting to be realized."