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華爾街超級富豪還沒搞明白

華爾街超級富豪還沒搞明白

Nin-Hai Tseng 2011-12-30
闊綽的金融家們企圖把“占領華爾街”運動變成一場貧富之爭。但他們并不了解,其實美國人并不是不加選擇地憎恨富人,他們恨的只是金融界的富豪。

????不要因為我有錢就恨我。

????摩根大通(JP Morgan)首席執行官杰米?戴蒙就是這么說的,此君也是美國六大銀行中薪酬最高的高管。據彭博社(Bloomberg)報道,戴蒙在紐約的一次投資者會議上被聽眾問道如何看待銀行家遭遇的敵意時,他顯得困惑不解。

????“(他們的)行為就好像所有成功者都是壞人。因為你有錢,你就是壞。,對此我不能理解,”2010年薪酬總額達到2,300萬美元的戴蒙說道。

????戴蒙根本沒搞明白。事實上,美國人并不認為富人就是“壞蛋”。正如投資顧問兼博主喬舒亞?布朗所說,美國人長期以來一直有一種情結,崇拜難以企及的富有。從依附豪門的卡戴珊們到家庭主婦,這種情結是難以數計的“真人秀”節目存在的基礎,;也是為何凱特?米德爾頓和威廉王子的皇家婚禮轉播能吸引數百萬人觀看、以及為何名流們總能讓狗仔隊長盛不衰的原因。

????而且,看起來美國人也并不認為美國骯臟的富人太多了。蓋洛普(Gallup)6月份的財富觀點調查(早在“占領華爾街”運動爆發前幾個月已經啟動)顯示,42%(最高值)的人認為美國富人數量“正好”,31%的人認為“太多”,27%的人認為“太少”。

????而且,美國最富有的1%不一定是99%低收入者嫉妒的對象。11月末進行的另外一項蓋洛普調查中,美國人(家庭年收入中值約5萬美元)表示,如果每年能掙15萬美元,他們就自詡為富人。不用說,這樣的收入對于美國億萬富翁而言簡直就是九牛一毛。

????引發美國人怒火的并不是富人們的錢。正如占領華爾街人士集會口號所強調的那樣,它關乎財富如何分配。而且可能更重要的是,財富獲得的途徑。

????摩根大通是與美國金融市場崩潰相關訴訟案有牽連的少數幾家大銀行之一。最新一起訴訟是馬薩諸塞州檢察官于本月初指控,摩根大通和其他四家銀行存在非法取消抵押贖回權的行為,同時還欺騙了房屋所有人。對于早已因為沒收軍屬房屋而被指不當的摩根大通而言,這些事情自然無助于改善其公眾形象。摩根大通在4月份了結此案,同意就多收服役人員房屋貸款服務費的指控支付5,600萬美元 。

????因此,戴蒙等人看來還是不得要領:美國人不是鄙夷所有的富人。他們沒有在馬克?扎克伯格的家門口游行示威,沒有貶低斯蒂夫?喬布斯的個人財富,也沒有因為德里克?基特(美國職棒大聯盟超級明星——譯注)的高薪酬而抵制紐約揚基隊(New York Yankees)的比賽。成功者不是壞人,富人也不是壞人。關鍵在于你的財富是怎么來的。

????Don't hate me because I'm rich.

????So says JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon, the highest paid executive among the six biggest U.S. banks. At an investors' conference in New York, Bloomberg reported that Dimon grew mystified when someone in the audience asked him about hostility toward bankers.

????"Acting like everyone who's been successful is bad and because you're rich you're bad, I don't understand it," said Dimon, whose 2010 compensation totaled $23 million.

????Dimon just doesn't get it. It's not that Americans think the rich are "bad." Actually, as investment advisor and blogger Joshua Brown points out, the nation has long been fascinated by the untouchably wealthy. It's the basis for countless reality shows, from the Kardashians to the housewives; it's why millions tuned in for the royal wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince William this year; it's why celebrities keep the paparazzi in business.

????And it's not as if Americans think there's too many of the filthy rich running around. In a June Gallup Poll on wealth (taken several months before the start of the Occupy Wall Street movement), 42% (the highest number) said the number of rich people in the country was "just right," compared with 31% who said there were "too many" and 27% reporting "too few."

????And the nation's wealthiest 1% aren't necessarily the envy of the bottom 99%. In a separate Gallup Poll conducted in late November, Americans (which earn a median annual household income of roughly $50,000) say they would consider themselves rich if they made $150,000 a year. Needless to say, that's pennies to the nation's billionaires.

????What's irking Americans isn't that the rich are simply rich. To underscore the rallying cries of Occupy Wall Street-ers, it comes down to how wealth is distributed. And perhaps more importantly, how it's gained.

????JP Morgan (JPM) is one of a handful of major banks tangled in lawsuits tied to collapse of the U.S. financial market. The latest, filed earlier this month by Massachusetts, alleges that JP Morgan and four other banks conducted unlawful foreclosures and deceived homeowners. And it probably doesn't help JP Morgan's good graces with the public that it was among several lenders accused of improperly foreclosing on military family's homes. JP Morgan settled the case in April, agreeing to pay $56 million on claims it overcharged service members on their home loans.

????So the point that Dimon and others seem yet to have caught onto is this: Americans don't disdain all rich people. They aren't picketing outside Mark Zuckerberg's home or vilifying Steve Jobs for his personal wealth or boycotting New York Yankees games over Derek Jeter's salary. Being successful isn't bad, nor is being rich. What matters is how you created your own wealth.

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